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常压电离质谱在脂质精确结构解析中的研究进展
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作者单位
李佳洁,王超,邓洁薇,栾天罡 1.广东工业大学生物医药学院广东广州5100062.中山大学生命科学学院广东广州510275 
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(22076027,21707171,21625703);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900604,2018YFD0900803)
中文摘要:脂类化合物的结构和功能与细胞生理过程密切相关,脂质结构的精确解析对探索脂质的生物学功能起着至关重要的作用。常压电离质谱技术的出现为常压敞开环境条件下的原位、实时、直接、快速生物脂质分析和组学研究提供了重要的手段。随着常压电离质谱技术在脂质分析和脂质组学研究的不断深入,对脂质结构特别是碳碳双键(C‖C)位置的精细解析就显得尤为重要。该文详细阐述了基于Paternò-Büchi反应、环氧化、臭氧诱导解离、紫外光解离的常压电离质谱技术,以及这些技术在脂质C‖C位置精确鉴定及异构体区分的应用,并展望了常压电离质谱在脂质化合物精确结构解析方面的发展趋势。
中文关键词:常压电离质谱  化学衍生  离子激发  脂质  结构解析  综述
 
Research Advances in Precise Structural Characterization of Lipids by Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Abstract:Lipids play a crucial role in cells and organisms by acting as the key components of cell membranes,the sources for chemical-energy storage and the messengers for cellular signaling,etc.It is generally believed that the physiological processes of cells highly rely on the chemical complexity and structural diversity of lipid compounds.In addition,the progression of many diseases such as diabetes,atherosclerosis,neurodegenerative diseases and tumorigenesis might be also related to the dysregulated lipid metabolism.Therefore,the precise structural characterization of lipids plays a vital role in exploring their biological functions.Mass spectrometry(MS) is the first choice for lipid analysis and lipidomics investigation due to its merits of high sensitivity,good specificity and informative,etc.,while the advent of ambient ionization MS provides an important tool for in situ,real-time,direct and rapid analysis for lipids and lipidomics investigation under ambient and open-air conditions,facilitating the in-depth investigation on the roles and mechanisms that lipids play in organisms.With the continual development of ambient ionization MS techniques in lipid analysis and lipidomics,it is of great importance to comprehensively characterize the structures.The recent progresses in high-resolution MS(e-g-,orbitrap MS and fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS) and tandem MS techniques have substantially promoted the development of lipid analysis and lipidomics investigation by ambient ionization MS.High-resolution MS provides the ability to obtain molecular formulas by accurate mass measurements,while tandem MS enables the detailed structural composition of the fatty acyl chain and head group of a mass-selected lipid ion via collision-induced dissociation(CID) or high-energy collision dissociation(HCD).In spite of this,the full structural identification of lipid species remains challenging.Unsaturated lipids are a series of lipid species containing one or more carbon carbon double bond(C‖C) in their fatty acyl chains.The locations of C‖C might have remarkable effects on their biological functions,and even could serve as the biomarkers of disease pathology.However,conventional tandem mass spectrometry techniques such as CID and HCD are unable to provide the molecular information for precise location of C‖C bonds.To address these problems,scientists have spent great effort on incorporated derivatization and ion activation/dissociation methods in ambient ionization MS to achieve the precise structural elucidation on lipid C‖C locations in an isomer.The typical derivatization and ion activation/dissociation methods that have been successfully applied in ambient MS include Paternò-Büchi(PB) reaction,epoxidation,ozoneinduced dissociation(OzID) and ultraviolet photodissociation(UVPD).In this article,the ambient MS techniques based on PB reaction,epoxidation,OzID,UVPD are described in detail,and the applications of these techniques in accurate identification of lipid C‖C location and isomer differentiation are also discussed.The development trends of ambient MS in precise structural analysis of lipids are also prospected.
Key Words:ambient mass spectrometry  chemical derivatization  ion activation  lipids  structural characterization  review
引用本文:李佳洁,王超,邓洁薇,栾天罡.常压电离质谱在脂质精确结构解析中的研究进展[J].分析测试学报,2021,40(6):851-859.
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