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| Screening of Specified Risk Materials in Disposable Plastic Tableware |
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| DOI： |
| KeyWord:disposable tableware non-intentionally added substances gas chromatography－mass spectrometry（GC－MS） migration |
| Author | Institution |
| TONG Jia-qi，ZHAN He-shan，ZHU Xiao-yan，WENG Jiang-lai |
1. Ningbo Institute of Inspection and Quarantine Science and Technology，Ningbo ，China; 2. Ningbo Customs District Technology Center，Ningbo ，China; 3. Ningbo Joysun Product Testing Co.，Ltd.，Ningbo ，China |
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| Abstract: |
| Unknown species migrating from commercially available disposable plastic tableware（including lunch boxes，cups and straws） to food simulant 10% ethanol or substitute test media 95% ethanol were screened and identified，to assess the safety risk of migrated substances from disposable plastic tableware．Commercially available samples were soaked with 10% ethanol or 95% ethanol under the specific migration conditions according to the usage of the samples．Soaking solutions of products from migration tests were concentrated and determined by gas chromatography－mass spectrometry（GC－MS）．Meanwhile，each sample was analyzed with infrared spectrometer，which indicated that the tested disposable plastic tablewares were mainly made of polylactic acid or polypropylene．MS spectra of migrated species from GC－MS were then compared with a MS database．Combined with material information from infrared spectrometer，structures of migrated species were predicted．Then the structures were confirmed by comparison with reference substances or determination of triple quadrupole MS．Species could further be quantitatively determined with corresponding reference substances．Cramer’s rule was used to predict the toxicity of migrated substances．Combined with the measured migration amount，safety risks of migrated substances and relative samples were assessed．Finally，19 kinds of migrated species in all the tested samples were screened and identified，among which intentionally added substances（IAS） included synthetic raw materials of polylactic acid resin or its blended resin（like lactide，butane-1，4-diol and dimethyl succinate），lubricant（like methyl oleate） and plasticizers（like di（2-ethylhexyl） adipate）．Non-intentionally added substances（NIAS） included oligomers of polyester or silicone resins（like cyclic siloxanes） and by-products from plasticizers or antioxidants additives．There were few kinds of substances migrating out of polypropylene based tableware，while there were relatively more kinds of substances migrating from polylactic acid based tableware or tableware of inorganic filled polypropylene．Most of identified IAS or NIAS，which are structurally hydrophobic，tend to have higher migration in substitute test media 95% ethanol（which is a substitute of fatty food simulant） than the aqueous food simulant 10% ethanol．Since Cramer's rule predicted species like cyclic siloxanes and methyl 3-（3，5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl） propionate had relatively high toxicity，the safety assessment results suggest that，when disposable plastic tableware is used to contact with fatty food，the migration and hazards of oligomers and by-products of antioxidants in polylactic acid or composite polypropylene tableware need to be paid attention to. |
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